Towards a framework for modelling market-based congestion management in distribution grids

Congestion management using dedicated congestion management (CM) markets could extend the grid operators CM toolbox and can be one way to unlock small-scale flexibility potentials. The presented framework allows to study the effects of operational CM markets and simulates the operational planning of small-scale flexibility providers that are marketed by aggregators as well as the grid operation planning of grid operators under consideration of CM markets. Based on the optimized schedules of flexibility providers, the grid operators perform grid analyses and determine current-based congestions. These congestions are then relieved by determining optimal countermeasures using flexibility from the local CM market as well as the intraday market. The application of the presented framework shows its effectiveness in relieving congestions as well as a varying flexibility usage depending on the grid structure.acceptedVersionPeer reviewe

A proposal for implementing short-term congestion management market in distribution networks

The article provides a proposal for implementing a short-term congestion management market for a distribution system operator’s congestion problem. Since congestion management market utilization for congestion management requires at least three stakeholders’ interactions, including the distribution system operator, market operator, and flexibility service provider, the article discusses the interactions and proposes how the market utilization can be implemented in practice. The paper presents the market design and its implementation details, including defining and calculating flexibility need attributes. The conceptual work done in the article could be used as a guideline for actual congestion management market implementations; in addition, it can be used for simulating various scenarios in the future, enabling researchers to study issues related to congestion management.acceptedVersionPeer reviewe

Day-ahead electricity market estimation of Finland in 2030

publishedVersionPeer reviewe

Urban Energy Transition and Heating of Apartment Buildings

The on-going energy shift includes major changes in heating of buildings. As a modern solution in cities, bigger apartment buildings are nowadays choosing ground source heat pumps for heating. The first experiences of these heatings from Helsinki, Finland report considerable high needs of electrical energy and demand. The local electricity distribution system is an enabler of the energy transition. For the needs of network planning and future scenarios, new profiles of these apartment buildings having ground source heat pumps are presented. They were applied to model the future network loadings in various points of the distribution network. In Helsinki city, the studies presented a positive outcome that this urban energy transition is possible without any major challenges in the local distribution network. This can support the customers to proceed in their energy shift simultaneously lowering the carbon footprint of the whole city.submittedVersionPeer reviewe

A powdered orange peel combined carboxymethyl chitosan and its acylated derivative for the emulsification of marine diesel and 2T-oil with different qualities of water

The traces of hazardous chemicals used in oil spill response have harmed marine creatures with long-term cytoxic impacts, so, a greener alternative is to use biodegradable components in the dispersant formulation. This study demonstrates the efficiency of carboxymethylated and acylated chitosan combined with powdered orange peel (OP-D) in the emulsification of marine diesel and 2 T-oil with different qualities of water. OP-D particles undergo Pickering emulsions, whereas the amphiphilic behaviour of the Blend and hydrophobically modified carboxymethyl chitosan-orange peels (CSOP-A) favours conventional emulsions through steric and electrostatic stabilization. The emulsion formation rate was maximum with OP-D in saline water and autonomous of the water quality with Blend. Additionally, different hydrophobic moieties on the surface of the Blend and CSOP-A affected the oil droplets' stabilization rate. Changing pH altered the surface properties of particles and hence the nature of the formed emulsion range from gel-like to creamy, suggesting particle-particle to particle-oil interactions. An increase in electrolyte concentration enhanced the coalescence rate of marine diesel with CSOP-A. The oil droplet size in the formed emulsion increases with a temperature decrease up to 2 °C, and the emulsion stabilization rate wasPeer reviewe

A comparative study on multi-agent and service-oriented microgrid automation systems from energy internet perspective

The current advancements of energy, information, communication, and automation technologies and their integration have provided ways for the energy industry to transform into cleaner energy systems. This transition has contributed to the concept called energy internet. The recent energy technologies provide clean energy generation, storage and demand response through distributed energy resources. Information, communication, and automation technologies aim to provide supporting software tools and enabling mechanisms to automate the operation and control of those resources in a coordinated way. Thus, researchers and the software industry are developing software frameworks and platforms to support energy system automation. Commonly, most of the frameworks follow the design principles of either multi-agent systems (MAS) or service-oriented architecture (SOA). However, there are many frameworks and no straightforward criteria to select which one to implement in energy systems’ automation applications to fulfill the energy internet vision. This study provides a conceptual investigation of MAS- and SOA-based software solutions by designing a use case for microgrid application automation considering its expansion for enabling energy internet. Two software frameworks, RIAPS and Arrowhead, have been selected as the candidates of MAS and SOA from the literature study. This study shows that neither MAS or SOA approach alone might not meet the requirements of microgrid automation and energy internet. Consequently, a combined approach of MAS and SOA is proposed.publishedVersionPeer reviewe

SimCES platform for modular simulation : Featuring platform independence, container ecosystem, and development toolkit

Modular co-simulation contributes to both engineering and research, but the earlier solutions have lacked the combination of platform independence, loose coupling between the modules, and tools for straightforward development. This paper describes the simulation platform SimCES (Simulation Environment of Complex Energy System) that solves these issues with a microservice architecture, combining message-broker-based communication, containerization, and a development toolkit. The components can even communicate over Internet. Furthermore, there are developer tools that enable an easy start for developers with Python and Docker, but any external platform is possible too. SimCES is domain agnostic but stems from the energy domain.publishedVersionPeer reviewe

Market integration and TSO-DSO coordination for viable Market-based congestion management in power systems

The article presents the findings on market-based congestion management (CM) in power systems. The main idea is to unlock flexibility from both small and large-scale resources by creating a platform so that flexibility can enter the markets through the platform and be used by system operators (DSOs and TSOs) for CM. The article recognizes two pressing issues in market-based CM: low liquidity and adverse impacts of flexibility activation. The article proposes leveraging market integration and TSO-DSO coordination to address the pressing problems and incorporate them into the platform. Bids from the intraday market at Nord Pool as well as the balancing market bids, were used for CM to show the possibility of addressing the low liquidity issue by receiving bids from well-established markets. In TSO-DSO coordination, an algorithm-agnostic process is proposed and implemented to involve SOs' network limitations before flexibility is traded to mitigate the adverse impacts of flexibility activation. As the market integration and TSO-DSO coordination functionalities rely on flexibility-related data that are often in huge quantities, a metadata register is also implemented to gather, process, and store data to be smoothly accessed by different stakeholders depending on their needs and access rights.Peer reviewe

Hierarchical and distributed control concept for distribution network congestion management

Congestion management is one of the core enablers of smart distribution systems where distributed energy resources are utilised in network control to enable cost-effective network interconnection of distributed generation (DG) and better utilisation of network assets. The primary aim of congestion management is to prevent voltage violations and network overloading. Congestion management algorithms can also be used to optimise the network state. This study proposes a hierarchical and distributed congestion management concept for future distribution networks having large-scale DG and other controllable resources in MV and LV networks. The control concept aims at operating the network at minimum costs while retaining an acceptable network state. The hierarchy consists of three levels: primary controllers operate based on local measurements, secondary control optimises the set points of the primary controllers in real-time and tertiary control utilises load and production forecasts as its inputs and realises network reconfiguration algorithm and connection to the market. Primary controllers are located at the connection point of the controllable resource, secondary controllers at primary and secondary substations and tertiary control at the control centre. Hence, the control is spatially distributed and operates in different time frames.The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union seventh framework program FP7-SMARTCITIES-2013 under grant agreement 608860 IDE4L – Ideal grid for all